What happened
In 1418 Le Loi, a landowner from Thanh Hoa, rose against Ming rule at Lam Son. From guerrilla survival in the hills the movement grew into a national army, guided politically by the scholar-strategist Nguyen Trai, whose letters and proclamations sapped the will of the Ming garrisons.
Victory came at Chi Lang–Xuong Giang in 1427, where a Ming relief army was destroyed and its commander Liu Sheng was killed. The remaining garrisons were allowed to withdraw.
Background
Ming China had annexed Dai Viet in 1407. In documented Vietnamese complaints, the occupation is remembered for heavy taxation, cultural suppression, and the confiscation or destruction of Vietnamese books.
Consequences
Le Loi founded the Later Le dynasty in 1428. Nguyen Trai’s victory proclamation, the Binh Ngo Dai Cao, is remembered in Vietnam as a great declaration of independence.