Overview
In 1851 gold was found in New South Wales and Victoria, setting off a great gold rush. Diggers flocked from around the world to Victorian fields such as Ballarat and Bendigo.
Key developments
The population multiplied within a decade, and railways and cities grew rapidly. Diverse migrants arrived, including many Chinese, and the 1854 Eureka Stockade became a symbol of democratic reform such as a wider vote.
End and transition
As the rushes cooled, the colonies had self-government and prosperous economies. By the end of the century, momentum grew to unite the six colonies through Federation.