What happened
Japan’s modernized army and navy prevailed on land at Pyongyang and at sea at the Battle of the Yalu River, and in 1895 took Weihaiwei, destroying the Beiyang Fleet.
Background
The Donghak peasant rebellion in Korea prompted both empires to send troops, and the confrontation over Korea escalated into war.
Consequences
By the Treaty of Shimonoseki (April 1895), China recognized Korea’s independence, ending its suzerainty, ceded Taiwan, the Penghu Islands, and the Liaodong Peninsula, paid a large indemnity, and opened further ports; Liaodong was returned after the Triple Intervention by Russia, France, and Germany. The shock of defeat by a smaller neighbor discredited the Self-Strengthening Movement, set off the foreign scramble for concessions, and spurred both the reforms of 1898 and the revolutionary movement. Japan rose to regional-power status and ruled Taiwan until 1945.