Overview

No Paleo-Indian clothing survives. Hide and sinew do not last ten thousand years outside exceptional conditions, so this is a garment reconstructed entirely from tools, from the demands of the climate, and from the tailored skin clothing of later Arctic and Subarctic peoples. The reasoning is sound and the specifics are not recoverable.

Key garments and style

The decisive evidence is the eyed bone needle. Needles fine enough to sew with sinew thread mean seams, and seams mean clothing cut to shape and closed against the wind rather than draped — the difference between a hide thrown over the shoulders and a fitted parka, and in Ice Age North America that difference is survival. Hide scrapers, awls and burins fill out the toolkit.

What was made from it was almost certainly a fitted upper garment, leggings and footwear of tanned hide, with fur worn inward for warmth and probably layered. Later Arctic tailoring, which is extraordinarily sophisticated, is the model usually used, and it is a reasonable one because it solves the same problem with the same materials.

Ornament leaves better traces than clothing: pierced shell, bone and tooth beads occur in early burials, and the Anzick burial in Montana shows red ochre applied to grave goods.

Transition

As the glaciers retreated and climates diverged, so did dress: plaited plant-fibre sandals and bags in the arid West, continued skin tailoring in the north, and the beginnings of woven cloth further south.